。导读：梅尼埃病是一种以耳鸣、眩晕和听力丧失为特征的内耳疾病，被认为是由于内淋巴液体在耳蜗和前庭器官的积累所致的。
IntroductionMenierediseaseisadisorderoftheinnerearcharacterizedbyhearingloss,tinnitus,andvertigo.Inmostcases,itisslowlyprogressiveandhasasignificantimpactonthesocialfunctioningoftheindividualaffected.[1]
梅尼埃病是一种耳源性疾病，其特征是听力丧失、耳鸣和眩晕。在大多数情况下，它是缓慢发展的，并对患病个体的社会行为功能有显著影响。
ThecurrentdiagnosticcriteriadefinedbytheBaranysocietybyLopez-Escamezetal.canhelpdifferentiatebetweenaprobableandadefiniteMenieresdisease.
PatientswithadefiniteMenierediseaseaccordingtotheBaranySocietyhave:
Twoormorespontaneousepisodesofvertigowitheachlasting20minutesto12hours
Audiometricallydocumentedlow-tomedium-frequencysensorineuralhearinglossinoneear,definingandlocatingtotheaffectedearoninatleastoneinstanceprior,duringorafteroneoftheepisodesofvertigo
Fluctuatingauralsymptoms(fullness,hearing,tinnitus)locatedintheaffectedear
Notbetteraccountedforbyanyothervestibulardiagnosis
ProbableMenierediseasecanincludethefollowingclinicalfindings:
Twoormoreepisodesofdizzinessorvertigo,eachlasting20minutesto24hours
Fluctuatingauralsymptoms(fullness,hearing,ortinnitus)intheaffectedear
Theconditionisbetterexplainedbyanothervestibulardiagnosis[2]
目前由Barany协会Lopez-Escamez等人定义的诊断标准可以帮助区分可能的和确定的梅尼埃病。
根据研究，确定患有梅尼埃病的患者有以下症状:
有两次或两次以上的自发性眩晕，每次持续20分钟至12小时
在一次眩晕发作之前、期间或之后，至少有一次听力测量记录了单侧耳朵的中低频率感音神经性听力损失
位于受累耳的波动性耳鸣症状(耳胀、听力、耳鸣)
没有其他前庭诊断能更好地解释
可能患有梅尼埃病的包括以下临床表现:
两次或两次以上头晕或眩晕，每次持续20分钟至24小时
受累耳的波动性耳鸣症状(耳胀、听力或耳鸣)
这种情况可以用另一种前庭病变诊断来解释
Etiology病因
StudiesofthetemporalbonerevealedendolymphaticaccumulationinthecochleaandthevestibularorganinpatientswithMenieredisease.Currentresearchlinksendolymphatichydropstoahearinglossof40dB.Vertigomayormaynotbeassociated.[3]ThereforeendolymphatichydropsisnotentirelyspecificforMenierediseaseandcanbefoundincasesofidiopathicsensorineuralhearingloss.
TheexactetiologyofMenierediseaseremainsunclear.Differenttheoriesexist,butgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsplayarole.Therelationto